速読英単語改訂第4版「04. 子供の想像力を破壊する教育」メモ (the memo of "04.education of destroying imaginations of children" in "SOKUDOKU English word revised 4th edition" )

速読英単語改訂第4版「04. 子供の想像力を破壊する教育」の気になった英文・単語のメモ．(this article is a note of English sentense and word which I note in "chapter 04.education of destroying imaginations of children" in "SOKUDOKU English word revised 4th edition".)

速読英単語1必修編[改訂第6版]

作者: 風早寛
出版社/メーカー: Z会
発売日: 2013/12/09
メディア: 単行本（ソフトカバー）
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04. 子供の想像力を破壊する教育

Nobody is born stupid. [音声]

愚かに生まれる（生まれつき愚かな）者はいない．

nobody: 語法：三人称単数の扱い; 代：だれも・・・ない 1 no one; - 名：つまらない人 someone who is not important and has no influence
関 somebody: 代：だれか，ある人 used to mean a person, when you do not know or do not say who the person is SYN someone
関 anybody: 代. だれでも anyone

stupid: adj. ばかな，ばかげた，愚かな 1 showing a lack of good sense or good judgment SYN silly 2 having a low level of intelligence, so that you have difficulty learning or understanding things
ex. Don't be stupid.（ばかげたこというな）
<=>OPP clever , wise
≒SYN absurd: 1 completely stupid or unreasonable SYN ridiculous ,
foolish: 1 a foolish action, remark etc is stupid and shows that someone is not thinking sensibly SYN silly
<=派 fool: n 1 STUPID PERSON [countable] a stupid person or someone who has done something stupid SYN idiot
ridiculous: very silly or unreasonable, silly
=>派 stupidity: n. 馬鹿な言葉，愚鈍 1 [countable, uncountable] behaviour or actions that show a lack of good sense or good judgment
関ridicule: n. 嘲笑 unkind laughter or remarks that are intended to make someone or something seem stupid

Babies and infants show a great desire to learn. [音声]

赤ちゃんと幼児は，学ぼうとするすばらしい意欲示す．

infant: n. 幼児 1 [countable] formal a baby or very young child; adj. 幼児の 2 intended for babies or very young children
=>派infancy: n. 幼児期（early childhood）1 the period of a child's life before they can walk or talk

desire: 語法：目的語も不定詞をとる; n. 欲望,要望,意欲 1 [countable, uncountable] a strong hope or wish; V. を強く望む 1 formal to want something very much
=>派 desirable: adj. （であることが）望ましい 1 formal something that is desirable is worth having or doing
ex. It is desirable that you stop smoking.（あなたはタバコをやめるのが望ましい．）
=>派desirous: adj. （本人が）ほしがって(of) wanting something very much

People call it genius. [音声]

人は，それを天才（天性，天分）と呼ぶ．

genius: n. 天才，天分(for) 1 [uncountable] a very high level of intelligence, mental skill, or ability, which only a few people have
ex. He has a genius for music.（彼は音楽の天分がある．）
genuine: adj. 心からの 1 a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel SYN sincere; adj.本物の 2 something genuine really is what it seems to be SYN real

Every infant learns more in the first three years of life than most adults learn. [音声]

あらゆる幼児は，生まれて3年で，たいていの大人が学ぶことよりも多くを学ぶ．

this extraordinary capacity for intellectual growth is destroyed by the process of education. [音声]

知的成長のための驚くべき能力は，教育の課程によって破壊される．

extraordinary: adj. 驚くべき 1 very unusual or surprising
capacity: n. 容量 1 [singular] the amount of space a container, room etc has to hold things or people; n. 能力 2 [countable, uncountable] someone’s ability to do something OPP incapacity
intellectual: adj. 知的な，知性的な 1 relating to the ability to understand things and think intelligently → mental 2 an intellectual person is well-educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature etc → academic; n. インテリ an intelligent well-educated person who spends time thinking about complicated ideas and discussing them → academic
<=派intellect: n. 知性 1 [countable, uncountable] the ability to understand things and to think intelligently; n. 知性のある人 2 [countable] someone who is very intelligent

growth: n. 生（成）長，発達 1 INCREASE [singular, uncountable] an increase in amount, number, or size OPP decline; n 人の成長 5 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT [uncountable] the development of someone’s character, intelligence, or emotions
<=派grow: V. 1 INCREASE a) [intransitive] to increase in amount, size, number, or strength OPP shrink

destroy: V. 破壊する 1 to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used or repaired
n. destruction: n. 破壊，破滅(<=>OPP construction; V. 建設する 1 to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc

≒SYNruin遺跡，廃墟 n. 2 [countable] (also ruins) the part of a building that is left after the rest has been destroyed破壊，崩壊 n. 1 [uncountable] a situation in which you have lost all your money, your social position, or the good opinion that people had about youV. を破滅させる 1 to spoil or destroy something completelydestructionn. 破壊，破滅(<=>OPP constructionV. 建設する 1 to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc=>派destructiveadj. 破壊的な causing damage to people or things →destroy<=>OPPconstructive

proceed: V. 続ける 2 formal to continue; V. 取り掛かる 1 formal to continue to do something that has already been planned or started
ex. He proceeded to the next question.（彼は，次の問題にとりかかった．）; 次に～する
=>派process: n. 過程，経過　1 a series of actions that are done in order to achieve a particular result; n. 作用 2 a series of things that happen naturally and result in gradual change; n. 手順 7 a method of making or producing goods
ex. CPU: Central Processing Unit （中央演算処理装置）
=>派procedure: n. 手順 1 a way of doing something, especially the correct or usual way
=>派procession: n. 行列，行進 1 [countable, uncountable] a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony → parade

educate: V. を教育する 1 to teach a child at a school, college, or university
=>派education: n. 教育 1 [singular, uncountable] the process of teaching and learning, usually at school, college, or university
=>派educational: adj.：教育（上）の 1 relating to education
≒SYNinstruct: V. に教える 2 formal to teach someone something, or show them how to do something; V. に指示する 1 to officially tell someone what to do → order
=>派 instruction: n. 教授，指導 2 [countable usually plural] a statement telling someone what they must do → orders 3 [uncountable] formal teaching that you are given in a particular skill or subject; n. 命令（プログラム）
=>派instructor: n. 指導者，教師 1 someone who teaches a sport or practical skill

adults destroy this capacity by making children afraid to express their own minds.[音声]

大人はこの能力破壊する，子供に自分の考えを表現するのを恐れさせることによって

afraid: adj. 1 frightened because you think that you may get hurt or that something bad may happen SYN scared; make A afraid to do: Aに～するのを恐れさせる．
express one's minds: 自分の考えを表現する

We make children afraid of mistakes, of failing, and of being wrong. [音声]

我々は，子供たちにミスすることや失敗すること間違うことを恐れさせる．

fail: - V. 失敗する 1 NOT SUCCEED [intransitive] to not succeed in achieving something; V. 不足する 2 NOT DO SOMETHING [intransitive] to not do what is expected, needed, or wanted; - 他：・・・しそこなう
ex. He never fail to write to his mother every week. （彼は，毎週，決して彼の母への手紙を書きそこなわない．）
<=>OPP succeed: V. 成功する 1 [intransitive] to do what you tried or wanted to do
=>派failure: n. 失敗 1 LACK OF SUCCESS [countable, uncountable] a lack of success in achieving or doing something OPP success

We encourage children to study for petty rewards on report cards. [音声]

我々は，子供たちに勉強するよう促す，取るに足りない（つまらない）報酬（成績表）のために

encourage: 語法： encourage A to do 型の第5文型可; V. を促す，助長する 3 to make something more likely to exist, happen, or develop; V. を励ます 1 to give someone the courage or confidence to do something OPP discourage; V. を推奨する 2 to persuade someone to do something OPP discourage
<=派courage: n. 勇気 1 the quality of being brave when you are facing a difficult or dangerous situation, or when you are very ill → bravery OPP cowardice （臆病，卑怯）
=>派courageous: adj. 勇敢な ≒SYN brave ,bold (1 PERSON/ACTION not afraid of taking risks and making difficult decisions ） brave
関cheer: V. を励ます，を元気づける 2 [transitive] to make someone feel more hopeful when they are worried; V. を声援する 1 [intransitive, transitive] to shout as a way of showing happiness, praise, approval, or support of someone or something; n. 元気　3 [uncountable] formal a feeling of happiness and confidence; n. 声援 1 [countable] a shout of happiness, praise, approval, or encouragement OPP boo
=>派cheerful: adj. 元気のいい，2 something that is cheerful makes you feel happy because it is so bright or pleasant; adj. 楽しい 1 happy, or behaving in a way that shows you are happy
関stimulate: V. を活気づける 1 to encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further; （誰か）を刺激する 2 to encourage someone by making them excited about and interested in something
関excite: V. を興奮をさせる to make someone feel happy, interested, or eager; V. を激励する 4 technical to make an organ, nerve etc in your body react or increase its activity
=>派exciting: adj. わくわくする making you feel excited
関inspire: V.を触発する 3 to give someone the idea for something, especially a story, painting, poem etc; V. 感情を喚起する 2 to make someone have a particular feeling or react in a particular way; V. 勇気づけて～させる 1 to encourage someone by making them feel confident and eager to do something

petty: adj. 1 a petty problem, detail etc is small and unimportant SYN trivial
petty reward: 取るに足りない報酬，たいして価値のない見返り

report card: n. 通信簿

threat: n. 脅し 1 [countable, uncountable] a statement in which you tell someone that you will cause them harm or trouble if they do not do what you want

children are forced to study with the threat of failure. [音声]

子供たちは，失敗の脅しで勉強することを強要される．

force: 語法 force A to do 型の第5文型可; n. 力．威力 4 PHYSICAL POWER [uncountable] the amount of physical power with which something moves or hits another thing → strength; n. 複軍隊 1 MILITARY a) [countable usually plural] a group of people who have been trained to do military work for a government or other organization; n. 暴力 3 VIOLENCE [uncountable] violent physical action used to get what you want; V. に無理やり～させる 1 MAKE SOMEBODY DO SOMETHING to make someone do something they do not want to do → persuade; V. に押し付ける 2 MAKE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING MOVE [always + adverb/preposition] to make someone or something move in a particular direction or into a different position, especially through or using great strength SYN push; V. を推し進める 4 MAKE SOMETHING HAPPEN to make something happen or change, especially more quickly than planned or expected; be forced to do ～せざるをえない．
関agent: n. 代行業者, 代理人 1 a person or company that represents another person or company, especially in business; n. スパイ 3 someone who works for a government or police department, especially in order to get secret information about another country or organization; n. （反応・変化などを起こす）力 4 technical a chemical or substance that is used for a particular purpose or that has a particular effect
=>派agency: n. 働き，作用; n. 代理店
関reinforce: V. （考え，意見）を強化する 1 to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger; V. をより確固たるものにする 2 to make part of a building, structure, piece of clothing etc stronger
ex. reinforced plastic: 強化プラスチック
関oblige: 語法：oblige A to do 型の第5文型可; V. を強制する，を余儀なくさせる，をありがたく思わせる 1 [transitive] if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc makes it necessary
ex. I'm very much obliged to you for your help. （あなたの助けにより，あなたにとても感謝しています）; be forced to do ≒ be obliged to do
ex. She was obliged to work to support five children.（彼女は，5人の子供をサポートするために働かざるを得なかった．）
=>派obligation: n. 義務，義理，恩義 a moral or legal duty to do something
ex. fulfill(meet) one's obligation （義務を果たす）